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RF amide peptide family with distinctive terminal –Arg–Phe–NH2 signature is evolutionarily conserved from invertebrates to mammals. These neuropeptides have been shown to affect diverse functions in invertebrates and vertebrates including influencing pituitary hormone secretion. More recently, two members of this family 26-amino acid and 43-amino acid RF amide peptide (26RFa and 43RFa, respectively)...
Although type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with multiple etiologies, obesity has been constantly linked with insulin resistance and manifestation of type 2 DM. In addition, obesity is associated with hypertension, dyslipidemia, and fatty liver disease and is regarded as a subclinical inflammatory condition characterized by release of pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines...
Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factors, such as amphiregulin (AR) and EGF, have emerged as mediators to propagate Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulus for the oocyte maturation throughout the preovulatory follicle, because cumulus cells and oocytes express few or no LH receptors. This study was to compare AR and EGF concentrations in follicular fluid (FF) among four controlled ovary stimulation...
The purpose of this study is to examine the association of A1C with beta-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular risk factors in Koreans with the relatively high risk for the future development of diabetes. This cross-sectional study recruited subjects from the pre-diabetic cohort of the Korea National Diabetes Program. Among study subjects (n = 616) aged 21–77 years with a history...
We determined the effect of chronic androgen suppression on inflammation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared to weight-matched controls. We performed a pilot project using samples from previous prospective, controlled studies. Nine women with PCOS (5 obese, 4 lean) and 9 ovulatory controls (5 obese, 4 lean) participated in the study. Androgens, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6...
Fluctuations in glucose levels in diabetic patients can result in oxidative stress, resulting in an increased risk for diabetic complications. We investigated whether antioxidation would protect the kidney from oxidative stress in diabetic rats treated with insulin and provide evidence for the efficacy of antioxidant treatment in diabetes management. Diabetes was induced by injection of Streptozotocin...
Aberrant accumulation of β-catenin plays an important role in a variety of human neoplasms. This can be caused by stabilizing mutation of β-catenin (CTNNB1, exon 3) or by mutation or deregulated expression of other components of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. Accumulation of non-phosphorylated active β-catenin has been reported to commonly occur in parathyroid adenomas from patients with primary...
The purpose of this study was to observe both the changes of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and ghrelin in adolescents with family history of type 2 diabetes (FHD) and the relationship between sICAM-1 and ghrelin. This case–control study included 63 adolescents (boys/girls 29/34, age 14.1 ± 0.7 years) without FHD (FHD−) and 67 adolescents (boys/girls 33/34, age 14.0 ± 0.8 years)...
Whenever adrenal cancer (ACC) is completely removed we should face the dilemma to treat by means of adjuvant therapy or not. In our opinion, adjuvant mitotane is the preferable approach in most cases because the majority of patients following radical removal of an ACC have an elevated risk of recurrence. A better understanding of factors that influence prognosis and response to treatment will help...
Several studies evaluated the diagnostic performance of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET), and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in detecting recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) with conflicting results. Aim of our study is to meta-analyze published data about this topic. A comprehensive computer literature search of studies published...
The purpose of the study is to determine the prevalence of stress hyperglycemia and to investigate how thyroid and stress hormones alter during stress hyperglycemia in children admitted to pediatric emergency wards. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in children, less than 19 years old, who were admitted to pediatric emergency wards of Nemazee and Dastgheib Hospitals, Shiraz, Southern...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance training (RT) on novel cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We enrolled 52 overweight/obese, type 2 diabetic patients, with inadequate glycemic control (HbA1c > 6.5 %), but without overt diabetic vascular complications. Participants were randomly assigned into two equivalent groups (n...
Type 2 diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the US and is projected to increase in prevalence globally. Minorities are disproportionately affected by diabetes and data suggest that clinical outcomes consistently fall below American Diabetes Association recommendations. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine ethnic differences in self-monitoring and outcomes in adults with...
Conventional treatment by surgery, radioiodine, and thyroxin-suppressive therapy often fails to cure anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). Therefore several attempts have been made to evaluate new therapy options by use of “small molecule inhibitors”. ATC was shown to respond to monotherapeutic proteasome and Aurora kinase inhibition in vitro as well as in xenotransplanted tumor cells. Aim of this study...
The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of hypothyroidism on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis; the functional integrity of each component of the HPA axis was examined in short-term and long-term hypothyroidism. Neuropeptide synthesis, release, and content were evaluated in vitro both in the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary, and corticosterone release was assessed in primary...
We aimed to determine the prevalence of parathyroid incidentalomas in patients referred for thyroid ultrasonography (US) and investigate the role of chronic thyroiditis on false positive lesions. Patients suspected to have parathyroid lesions during thyroid US were recorded prospectively between August 2009 and January 2010. Patients referred for parathyroid US and patients with known high serum calcium...
Hypertension in pregnancy is a multifactorial disorder caused by a complex combination of environmental factors and several predisposing genes. Since estrogen modulates placental vascular development, estrogen synthases are considered plausible candidate genes. The aim of this haplotype-based case–control study was to estimate whether polymorphisms of the maternal estrogen synthesis genes (CYP19A1...
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